Jan 29, 2008 20 november 2001 the nepalese speak for the first time about what really happened that night when crown prince dipendra massacred his family members and all but destroyed the countrys ruling dynasty. There does not seem to be any constructive dialogue between nepal and india to address the whole gamut of indo nepal relations and the conflict in nepal has stalled efforts to work together for economic development. The maoist movement and the threat to democracy in nepal. This chapter aims to convey the relevance of antonio gramsci and south asian subaltern studies in understanding the maoist uprising in nepal, and to put this phenomenon in perspective by evoking. Published in 2010, it provides analysis with the benefits of greater temporal distance and social scientific methodology than the timely and pathbreaking volumes that were published in the heat of conflict e. Nepal s multiparty system was characterized by acute instability, with thirteen different governments formed between 1990 and 2002. The indian prime minister has described the fight with the maoist insurgents as india. Ramesh sunam and keshab goutam, anu since its formation in 1994, the united communist party of nepal maoists has gone through a number of radical transformations, shifting from a guerrilla warfare unit to a key democratising force within nepali politics. In 1984, masal became one of the founding members of the revolutionary international movement rim, a grouping of maoist parties worldwide.
A constitutional democracy that was established following the 1990 peoples movement appears to be on the verge of collapse due to continued success of maoist guerrilla insurgency or peoples war that was launched in february of 1996 by the communist party of nepal maoist cpn maoist. Contrary to portrayals ignorant of nepal s political history, the peoples warriors did not spring up from nowhere as an aberration in world politics. Many people have disappeared or got killed during the war. I sat here in this same forum nine years ago with com rade baburam bhattarai, spokesman of the united peoples front, the political wing of nepals maoist party. The specificity of the nepalese movement is the presence of a strong left. Pdf a perspective on maoist movement in nepal senior. Beyond the proliferation of reports issued by human rights groups and ngos, there has been relatively little indepth research on the maoist movement in general. Maoist training before being set free, or had to remain in the. These phenomena are very common in todays society, almost all over the world and in the developing countries in particular. The communist party of nepal maoist cpnm defeated the government of nepal in a twelveyear insurgency starting in 1996, with the maoists gaining control of the government by way of free elections in april 2008. About a decade ago it seemed as if nepal was marching into a new era. The insurgency started after the 2004 formation of the cpi maoists a rebel group consisting of the pwg peoples war group and the mcc maoist communist centre.
To date, over 1800 people have died with unofficial reports soaring as high as 4,000 mostly maoists, police and innocent villagers caught in the crossfire. In the pattern of several other movements inspired by. It contextualizes and explains why and how a violent maoist insurgency grew in nepal after the end of the cold war, in contrast to the decline of other radical communist movements in most parts of the world. It was founded in 1994 after breaking away from the communist party of nepal. This article traces the path of the communist party of nepal maoist ascent to power from the start of nepal s 19962006 civil war to its end. The naxalite maoist insurgency is an ongoing conflict between maoist groups known as naxalites or naxals, and the indian government supported by rightwing paramilitaries. View maoist movement in nepal research papers on academia. Historical background introduction a study of political history of nepal reveals a history of autocratic rule. The insurgency was led by the communist party of nepal maoist nepali. One, the general absence of a record of social movements in nepals history of political development stands in. Communist party of nepal maoist cpn maoist left over,000 people dead. Maoist synonyms, maoist pronunciation, maoist translation, english dictionary definition of maoist. A decade after nepals maoist rebellion, little justice.
Along with these, some positive changes are seen in the country in the recent years on behalf. Social movement, civil society and regime change in nepal. Unified communist party of nepal henceforth ucpnm or maoists, told an. Comprehensive peace accord signed between nepal government. The maoist insurgency in nepal and the political economy of. The international community is correct to be concerned about the maoist movement in nepal. A decade after nepals maoist rebellion, little justice for. Nepal in terms of resolving the maoist problem and moving the political process forward. Hundreds of firsthand accounts of nepal s internal conflict have appeared, mainly though not exclusively in maoist aligned journals, magazines and newspapers, since the early years of the peoples war.
Jan 29, 2017 a decade after nepals maoist rebellion, little justice for victims. The movement is described as terrorist by the indian authorities but it is however popular in the regions where it is present. The communist party of nepal cpn maoist fired the first shots of the peoples war on february 12, 1996 seeking to destroy constitutional monarchy and establish a peoples republic. These diversities have made the land fertile for creating. In 1983, mohan bikram broke away and formed the communist party of nepal masal masal meaning torch in nepali. Social movements are rarely if ever unified, ho mogeneous phenomena. Ideology and agency in nepal s maoist movement in himal southasian, january 2004. It is under the leadership of communist party of nepal maoist cpnmaoist and its skillful use of a united front with various parties that the monarchy system was abolished in 2008. Three different timeframes can be traced to the origin of ideology, strategy and organization of the maoist party. Maoism was based on a distinct outlook not necessarily dependent on a chinese or marxistleninist context. Nepal, with a population of approximately 29 million, is a federal democratic republic. Womens issuesgender studies sociology and social work insurgency history social aspects nepalese history sex psychology sexuality. Maoist movements in portugal were very active during the 1970s, especially during the carnation revolution that led to the fall of the fascist government the estado novo in 1974.
The presentday maoists have since replaced masal within rim. Pdf the strategic revolutionary phases of the maoist. Origin and failure of the maoist revolutionary strategy in west bengal, 19671971, by sohail jawaid. The maoist movement in nepal and its tactical digressions. Pdf a perspective on the maoist movement in nepal researchgate. The communist party of nepal maoist centre abbreviated cpn maoist, cpn maoist, cpn maoist or cpnm. Nepal as a state was organised by prithiv narayan shah of shah dynasty in 1764. Kathmandu, nepal ten summers ago in nepal, the maoist leader pushpa kamal dahal emerged from hiding just as the decade. What exactly the maoist movement in nepal theoretical and practical experiences not based on hearsay and media based collection. The book deals with the dynamics and growth of a violent 21st century communist rebellion initiated in nepal by the communist party of nepal maoist cpnm.
The clash between ideas and ideology on the matter of ethnic grievances sheds light on how the maoists failed to convert the claims of their movement into the actions of their party in government. Nepal s bloody civil war ended in 2006 when a comprehensive peace accord was signed between the maoist rebels and the nepali state in kathmandu. Social movement, civil society and regime change in nepal devendra raj panday this presentation seeks to highlight two important aspects of nepals experience with social movements and the ongoing struggle for social change. This party, which has been banned by the indian government, leads the maoist movement in india today. After a devastating decadelong war between maoists and the government, an allparty peoples movement took to the streets of. Unexpected consequences of everyday life during the maoist. Based on fieldwork in several areas, they consider how the intersecting lines of class, caste, ethnicity, religion.
Women were a significant group who were involved in the maoist movement during the nepalese civil war, which refers to a violent insurgency that took place from 1996 to 2006. Nevertheless, the outcome, in 2006 after ten years since the war has been control over 90% of the rural areas by the peoples government formed by the communist party of nepalmaoist cpnm from henceforth party. I take a crosssectional approach where the unit of analysis is the district, and dependent variable is total killings by state and maoists. A decade after nepal s maoist rebellion, little justice for victims. Nepal had just emerged six months before from a mass democ. In the first phase of their war, the maoists had been careful not to take on the royal nepal army and focused their armed actions on. Pdf the strategic revolutionary phases of the maoist insurgency. It was founded in 1994 after breaking away from the communist party of nepal unity centre. My hope is that an analysis of indias naxalite movement will provide scholars with insights that can guide fu ture research on the 1v. On the line and tactics of the nepal maoist movement. The red republic 2003 maoists now control a third of nepal and boast that they will raise the red flag on everest itself. Maoist communist groups claimed responsibility for 123 deaths in 20, which was nearly half of all deaths from terrorism in india.
Pdf the naxalites and the maoist movement in india. Out of 19,000 maoist combatants verified by united nations mission in nepal unmin, only about 6,500 were integrated into the nepal army. In nepal s eastern terai region of jhapa, sections of communists experimented with the maoist concept of peoples war by unsuccessfully taking up arms in may 1971. According to the home ministry, over 3,000 people have been killed in the maoist conflict since 2008. The largest maoist movement in portugal was the portuguese workers communist party. The rulers of the shah dynasty remained in power till 1848. The nepalese civil war also known as the maoist conflict nepali. Maoism, the revolutionary international movement rim, relied on the maoists of nepal to. The beginning of the maoist movement in nepal can be traced to 1949, with the formation of the countrys first. Maoism, doctrine consisting of the ideology and methodology for revolution developed by mao zedong and his associates in the chinese communist party from the 1920s until maos death in 1976. Pandey and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at.
Ideology and agency in nepals maoist movement two anthropologists examine the maoists claims of radical social transformation in the light of womens experiences on the ground. The question of why the maoist movement began in 1996 when nepal was a democractic country has plagued a number of academics and policy makers alike, working in nepal or around nepali issues. The maoist insurgency in nepal and the political economy of violence avidit acharyay october 2009 abstract this paper studies the incidence of political violence associated with the maoist insurgency in nepal. In spite of its expansion to new areas and a remarkable increase in its military capabilities and striking power, the maoist movement led by the communist party of india maoist faces a politicalorganisational crisis of sorts. Revolution in the 21st century, brings our attention back to the decadelong peoples war. Nepal s people live a constant struggle to accumulate some insulation from the hardships and arbitrariness of life. They contend with a challenging landscape of hills, high mountains and plains threatened by dangerous rivers, capricious weather, an immutable bureaucracy and treacherous politics. The form of marxismleninism developed in china chiefly by mao zedong. The nepalese maoist movement in comparative perspective. The maoist insurgency in nepal and the political economy.
For empirically grounded studies of maoism in contemporary india, seekunnath 2012, shah 20. An overview maoist movement in india has a long history, dating back almost 40 years. Nepal government and the communist party of nepal maoist 22 november 2006 preamble respecting the peoples mandate expressed in favor ofdemocracy, peace and progressive movement by the nepali people since prior to 2007 from time to time through historical struggles and peoples movements. The political system is based on the interim constitution of nepal 2063 2007, with a. The spectre of a new maoist conflict in nepal asia al. A study of strategic revolutionary phases, and future implications. The successful maoist insurgency has implications for us counterinsurgency doctrine that suggest a. These issues have just begun to be addressed in a nepal specific context.
If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise cambridge core to connect with your account. What is maoist movement and what is not tried to explain very honestly. More and more people are turning to them to voice their discontent. In mid2012 a group from within the unified communist party of nepal maoist headed by ucpnm leaders kiran, gaurav, badal, gurung and others split off and announced the formation of a new party, adopting the name of the original maoist party that led the 10 year peoples war from 1996 to 2006, the communist party of nepal maoist.
On the line and tactics of the nepal maoist movement communist party of india marxistleninist naxalbari october 2010 the political situation in nepal is quickly building up to a dangerous climax, dangerous for the nepalese new democratic revolution and the international proletariat. Major achievement for the dalit right movement in nepal in. In the summer of 2012 a faction of the unified communist. The party was previously known as the communist party of nepal maoist until 2009 and as the unified communist party of nepal maoist until 2016. In recent years the maoist movement has spread to nine states in central and eastern india. In 2008, the unified communist party of nepal maoist placed first in the election with 220 out of 575 elected seats and became the largest party in the constituent assembly. Fifty recent books on the maoist movement in india. Since 1996, nepal has increasingly been drawn into a violent conflict between maoist rebels. Amidst of years of political turmoil, a maoist insurrection rose amongst the mountain villages of nepal. Opinion a maoists burden in nepal the new york times. Mao zedong sixiang, is a variety of marxismleninism that mao zedong developed for realising a socialist revolution in the agricultural, preindustrial society of the republic of china and later the peoples republic of china.
Pdf this article traces the path of the communist party of. Several publications have recently begun to take the maoist movement seriously as an object of. This movement primarily survives on poverty, disparity and discontent among the masses. Maoist movement in india economic and political weekly. Al jazeera tells this story through the eyes of the nepali people. Understanding maoists available for download and read online in other formats.
Pdf understanding maoists download full pdf book download. Major achievement for the dalit right movement in nepal in 2011. Maoist definition of maoist by the free dictionary. For this very reason the womens movement is comparatively strong in nepal. Unexpected consequences of everyday life during the maoist insurgency in nepal.
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